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FOR 106
Myth and Meaning
Syllabus
Calendar
Materials
by chapter
Grades
Power
points
Topics of
Interest
Internet
Resources
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Chapter 5
chapter 5 images
The Twelve Olympians
(+ Hades & Dionysus = fourteen)
The Twelve Olympians in Art:
East Pediment of the Parthenon
Parthenon Frieze
Rafael's fresco in the Villa Farnesina
HESTIA (Vesta)
- is the goddess of the hearth (what her names means). Fire is sacred and
essential, and she is very important to honor...eventually she is replaced
by Dionysus in the Greek Pantheon (and the Furies become the goddesses of
the hearth later after they are transformed into the Eumenidies, "the Kindly
Ones")
ZEUS (Jupiter)
rules the sky (and in reality, most of the earth)
attributes: thunderbolt, aegis (shield), eagle, oak tree
epithets: "cloud-gatherer"
sacred precincts: Dodona (Bronze statuette
found there and
Gold stater
with Dodonian Zeus)
Olympia
(on the
Alpheus river): Temple of
Zeus at Olympia, Sacred Altis
at Olympia,
Statue
of Zeus in his Temple at Olympia: one of the seven wonders of the ancient
world (another reconstruction of the
statue) (and another). Compare to the Lincoln
Memorial in Washington D.C. and to the seated
statue of Lincoln). Also compare to this seated statue of Washington.
-
Jupiter and Thetis
(Ingres) (sea-goddess Thetis comes to ask Zeus to grant victory to
the Greeks over the Trojans to honor her son Achilles)
Site of Zeus' rape of Io
(Gortyn,
Crete)
ZEUS and Danae:
Red-figured vase (from antiquity),
(a quick lesson in Greek pottery making),
Titian's Danae: version 1,
version 2,
version 3, Correggio's Danae,
Tiepolo's
-
ZEUS and Europa:
Red-Figured
Vase, a modern bronze,
another bronze, a modern
interpretation, Tiepolo,
Titian,
Zuccarelli, Lorrain
-
-
ZEUS and Callisto:
Titian,
Ursa
Major, Ursa
Minor
-
-
ZEUS and Leda:
AMMANATI's marble statue (1500s),
Marble sarcophagus from Heraklion Museum (Crete),
Marble sarcophagus from Pergamon Museum
(Berlin),
Painting from National Gallery of Art
-
-
Zeus
and Ganymede (NB: Ganymede's father Tros mourns his loss, just like
Demeter mourns Perspehone's...until compensation is agreed on)
-
-
Zeus and the Titan Mnemosyne
("Memory"): parents of the Muses, associated with artisitc inspiration:
Zeus and Themis: (sometime) parents
of the Fates (Moirai):
-
Clotho (spins out the thread of
life)
-
Lachesis (apportions each man's
length of thread)
-
Atropos (cutter of the thread)
and
-
Concept of Fate (Moira):
combo of free will, Luck (Tyche) and predestination or Necessity (Ananke). ZEUS and the limits of Fate: Death of
Sarpedon
HERA (Juno) is
sister/wife to Zeus (another hieros gamos), goddess of marriage and childbirth
attributes: peacock
epithets: "ox-eyed" and "white-armed"(which are
intended to be compliments)
sacred precincts: Argos, temple at
Olympia,
archaic Heraion at Delos, Hera's Sanctuary at Perachora, Hera's Temple at Paestum:
image 1, image 2,
image 3
Hera
(portrait)
East
pedimental design (Parthenon)
Juno Receiving
the Head of Argos, AMIGONI, Jacopo, 1730-32
see Hera power point for
more images
HEPHAESTUS (Vulcan) is the god of the forge:
lame, ugly, teacher of arts, married to Aphrodite - NB - as in the story of
Demeter and Persphone, it is Helios, the sun god who reveals a hidden truth
- this time about Aphrodite's affair with his own brother Ares - "truth will
be seen in the light of day")
ARES (Mars) is the god of war.
With Aphrodite, said to have fathered Eros
attributes: boar
epithets:
sacred precincts: Thrace in general (war-like)
Other Olympians to be reviewed in later chapters:
POSEIDON (Neptune) rules the sea
HADES (Pluto)
rules the Underworld
APOLLO (Apollo) is
the god of light, music, prophecy
HERMES (Mercury)
is the messenger of the gods
DIONYSUS (Bacchus) is the god of wine,
fertility, and theater
ARTEMIS (Diana) is the goddess of the hunt,
moon, virginity
APHRODITE (Venus) is the goddess of erotic love
ATHENA (Minerva) is the goddess of wisdom,
weaving, and war
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